MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: SOCIAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to consider the evolution of modernization changes in the Russian Federation, starting with the attempt of the first technological breakthrough, to characterize the modern policy of the Russian state bodies in the field of modernization, to consider positive and negative modernization practices on the example of Russian regions. The authors identified six technological breakthroughs in Russia and presented a description of the mechanisms and tools for their implementation. It is concluded that the modernization of the economy through innovative development, taking into account management traditions, can be carried out in two main ways: 1) under direct control and at the initiative of state bodies, that is, the way of modernization “from above”; 2) the state provides favorable economic, legal and social conditions, and business and society themselves transform and modernize the economy, that is, the way of modernization “from below”. According to the results of the study, the problem areas of the modern attempt to modernize the economy, alarming trends in the destruction of high-tech enterprises in Russian regions are determined. It is indicated that at the federal level, a promising tool is the implementation, approved by the state program for the development of industry and improving its competitiveness, calculated until 2020.